These 1000 year-old ancient Persian vertical-axis windmills, standing in the arid landscape of Nashtifan, Iran; are not just relics but are still operational. Crafted from natural materials like wood and reeds, they harness the wind’s power to grind grain, a testament to sustainable engineering from a millennium ago.
Their enduring design is a marvel of early technological innovation, reflecting a deep understanding of environment and resourcefulness in using renewable energy long before the industrial age.
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